A centuries-old debate over the origins of ice hockey has resurfaced, challenging Canada’s long-held claim as the sport’s birthplace. New historical evidence suggests the game may have evolved independently in other regions long before its formalization in Canada. Scholars point to early references and depictions of similar winter activities that predate organized hockey by decades. The discussion raises questions about how national identity and sporting heritage are defined—and who gets to claim them.

Today, it’s known as Canada’s game. Even with stiff competition at the international level, Canadians still claim that ice hockey is a product of their country. But what if that…